Determinants of extreme professional activity in law enforcement personnel
https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2014-0-1-98-106
Abstract
In the review, there have been considered the concepts of dependence of individuals' reactions to stressful conditions of extreme professional activity on variety of his/her individual properties. There have been analyzed the data pointing at expedience of a systemic approach to definition of determining factors of vocational success in those engaged in hazardous occupations. It has been shown that effectiveness and reliability of activity of such specialists was stipulated by a complex of their psychophysiological and social-psychological characteristics, with the main role of individual-typological properties of the nervous system, features of mental state, sensorimotor reactions, cognitive, personal sphere, behavioral coping strategies as well as indices of social well-being. It has been indicated that no single theory was able to explain individuals' stress tolerance by a total of definite psychophysiological and social-psychological characteristics, and it was necessary to specify them in order to strengthen the diagnostic and correctional components of psychophysiological support of specialists in connection with increasing stress-producing character of their vocational activities.
About the Authors
N. N. Smirnova
Northern State Medical University
Russian Federation
senior Lecturer
Russian Federation
senior Lecturer
A. G. Soloviev
Northern State Medical University
Russian Federation
Dr. Med. Sci., Prof.
Russian Federation
Dr. Med. Sci., Prof.
References
1. Apchel V.Ya., Tsygan V.N. Stress i stressustoychivost’ [Stress and stresssteadiness]. Sankt_Peterburg. 1999. 86 p. (In Russ.)
2. Bodrov V.A. Problema preodoleniya stress. Part 2. Processy i resursy preodoleniya stressa [The problem of stress overcoming. Part 2: Processes and resources to overcome stress]. Psikhologichesky zhurnal [Psychological Journal]. 2006. N 2. P. 113–123. (In Russ.)
3. Bodrov V.A. Psikhologiya professional’noy deyatel’nosti : teoreticheskiye i prikladnyye problemy [Psychology of professional activity: theoretical and applied problems]. Moskva. 2006. 622 p. (In Russ.)
4. Bodrov V.A. Psikhologiya professional’noi prigodnosti [Psychology of professional suitability]. Moskva. 2006. 511 p. (In Russ.)
5. Bozhovich L.I. Izbrannye psikhologicheskie trudy: problemy formirovaniya lichnosti [Selected psychological works: problems of formation of the personality]. Moskva. 1995. 209 p. (In Russ.)
6. Vodopyanova N.E. Psikhodiagnostika stressa [Psychodiagnostics of stress]. Sankt_Peterburg. 2009. 305 p. (In Russ.)
7. Vodopyanova N.E., Starchenkova E.S. Sindrom vygoraniya: diagnostika i profilaktika [Burnout syndrome: diagnosis and prevention]. Sankt_Peterburg. 2008. 336 p. (In Russ.)
8. Volosatykh O.O. Vliyanie stressoustoichivosti i volevogo kontrolya trenera na lichnostnye kachestva sportsmena [The influence of stress resistance and volitional control of the coach on the personal qualities of the sportsman]. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoi Kul’tury [Theory and Practice of Physical Culture]. 2006. N 11. P. 17–19. (In Russ.)
9. Gavrilova T. A. Nekotorye aspekty issledovaniya individual’nykh kognitivnykh profilei [Some aspects of individual cognitive profiles research]. Pervaya Rossiiskaya konferentsiya po kognitivnoi nauke [First Russian conference on cognitive science]. Kazan’. 2004. P. 63–64. (In Russ.)
10. Granovskaya R.M. Elementy prakticheskoi psikhologii [Elements of practical psychology]. Sankt_Peterburg. 2003. 655 p. (In Russ.)
11. Gurevich K.M. Professional’naya prigodnost’ i osnovnye svoistva nervnoi sistemy [Professional suitability and the basic properties of the nervous system]. Moskva. 1970. 242 p. (In Russ.)
12. Danilova N.N. Psikhofiziologiya [Psychophysiology]. Moskva. 2012. 366 p. (In Russ.)
13. Zlokazov K.V., Kulikov V.B. Problema destruktivnogo povedeniya sotrudnikov OVD [The problem of destructive behaviour of police officers]. Psikhopedagogika v pravookhranitel’nykh organakh [Psychopedagogy in law enforcement]. 2007. N 3. P. 41–44. (In Russ.)
14. Il’in Ye.P. Differentsial’naya psikhofiziologiya [Differential psychophysiology]. Sankt_Peterburg. 2001. 454 p. (In Russ.)
15. Il’in E.P. Obespechenie nadezhnosti deyatel’nosti v svyazi s uchetom tipologicheskikh osobennostei svoistv nervnoi sistemy [Ensuring the reliability of activities in connection with the consideration of typological properties of the nervous system]. Problemy inzhenernoi psikhologii [Problems of engineering psychology]. Yaroslavl’. 1976. P. 113–121. (In Russ.)
16. Karavaev A.F. Vliyanie osobykh uslovii professional’noi deyatel’nosti na razvitie i stanovlenie lichnosti sotrudnikov organov vnutrennikh del [The influence of the special conditions of professional activity on the development and the formation of the personality of employees of internal Affairs bodies]. Vestnik Rossiiskoi pravovoi akademii [Bulletin of Russian Law Academy]. 2006. N 1. P. 60–66. (In Russ.)
17. Kichaev A. Krizis i stress [Crisis and stress]. Sankt_Peterburg. 2009. 180 p. (In Russ.)
18. Konopkin O.A., Nersesyan L.S. K voprosu ob opredelenii professional’noi nadezhnosti mashinistov lokomotivov [To the question about the definition of professional reliability of engine_drivers]. Problemy inzhenernoi psikhologii [Problems of engineering psychology]. Yaroslavl’. 1976. P. 111–120. (In Russ.)
19. Konopleva I.N., Bogdanovich N.V. Determinanty psikhologicheskoi gotovnosti k primeneniyu oruzhiya sotrudnikami pravookhranitel’nykh organov [Determinants of psychological readiness to use weapons by law enforcement organs]. Psikhologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie [Psychological Science and Education]. 2010. N 2. URL: http://www.psyedu.ru. (In Russ.)
20. Korovikova I.A. Lichnostnyi faktor v obespechenii produktivnosti operatorskoi deyatel’nosti [The personal factor in ensuring the efficiency of operator activity]. Moskva.1989. 20 p.
21. Kotik M.A., Emel’yanov A.M. Priroda oshibok cheloveka_operatora [The nature of human_operator errors]. Moskva. 1993. 251 p. (In Russ.)
22. Ksenofontov A.M., Novikova I.A. Lichnostnye osobennosti sotrudnikov organov vnutrennikh del s raznymi tipami funktsional’noi asimmetrii polusharii golovnogo mozga [Personal characteristics of employees of internal Affairs bodies with different types of functional asymmetry of the brain hemispheres]. Vestnik psikhoterapii [Bulletin of Psychotherapy]. 2011. N 40. P. 98–107. (In Russ.)
23. Kuznetsova E.P. Psikhofiziologicheskie korrelyaty stressoustoichivosti operatora [Psychophysiological correlates of stress resistance operator]. Moskva. 2009. 21 p. (In Russ.)
24. Lebedev I.B. Psikhologicheskie mekhanizmy, strategii i resursy stress_preodolevayushchego koping_povedeniya spetsialistov ekstremal’nogo profilya (na primere sotrudnikov MVD Rossii) [Psychological mechanisms, strategies and resources stress overcoming coping behavior of the specialists of extreme’s profile (for example, employees of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia)]. Moskva. 2002. 42 p. (In Russ.)
25. Lomov B.F. Osobennosti poznavatel’nykh protsessov v usloviyakh obshcheniy [Peculiarities of cognitive processes in the conditions of communication]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal [Psychological Journal]. 1980. Vol. 5. P. 31–43. (In Russ.)
26. Malashchuk L.S., Maryashin Yu.E., Yudin V.E. Nekotorye ontseptual’no_teoreticheskie voprosy povysheniya stressoustoichivosti spetsialistov opasnykh professii [Some conceptual and theoretical issues of improvement of stress resistance in specialists of hazardous occupations]. Vestnik vosstanovitel’noi meditsiny [Regenerative Medicine Journal]. 2011. N 4. P. 44–47. (In Russ.)
27. Marishchuk V.L., Evdokimov V.I. Povedenie i samoregulyatsiya cheloveka v usloviyakh stressa [Behaviour and self_regulation of a person under stress]. Sankt_Peterburg. 2001. 259 p. (In Russ.)
28. Nabiullina R.R., Tukhtarova I.V. Mekhanizmy psikhologicheskoi zashchity i sovladaniya so stressom (opredelenie, struktura, funktsii, vidy, psikhoterapevticheskaya korrektsiya) [Psychological defense mechanisms and coping with stress (definition, structure, functions, types, psychotherapeutic correction)]. Kazan’. 2003. 101 p. (In Russ.)
29. Nartova_Bochaver S.K. «Coping behavior» v sisteme ponyatii psikhologii lichnosti [“Coping behavior” in a system of personality psychology concepts]. Psikhologicheskii zhurnal [Psychological Journal]. 1997. N 5. P. 20–30. (In Russ.)
30. Nebylitsin V.D. Osnovnye svoistva nervnoi sistemy cheloveka kak neirofiziologicheskaya osnova individual’nosti [The basic properties of the nervous system of man as a neurophysiological basis of individuality]. Estestvenno4nauchnye osnovy psikhologii : sbornik statei [Scientific bases of psychology: a collection of articles]. Moskva.1978. P. 295–336. (In Russ.)
31. Nebylitsyn V.D. Psikhofiziologicheskie issledovaniya individual’nykh razlichii [Psychophysiological study of individual differences]. Moskva. 1976. 336 p. (In Russ.)
32. Peisakhov N.M. Zakonomernosti dinamiki psikhicheskikh yavlenii [Regularities of psychic phenomena dynamics]. Kazan’. 1984. 235 p. (In Russ.)
33. Petukhov I.V. Issledovanie profprigodnosti operatorov cheloveko_mashinnykh system [The research of operators of man_machine systems competence]. Upravlenie personalom [Personnel management]. 2009. N 4. P. 23. (In Russ.)
34. Ponomarenko V.A. Professiya – psikholog truda [Profession : psychologist of labour]. Moskva. 2007. 400 p. (In Russ.)
35. Praktikum po sportivnoy psikhologii. Ed. I.P. Volkov [Workshop on sports psychology. Ed. I.P. Volkov]. Sankt_Peterburg. 2002. 284 p. (In Russ.)
36. Psikhologiya i pedagogika. Voennaya psikhologiya. Ed. A. G. Maklakov [Psychology and pedagogy. Military psychology. Ed. A.G. Maklakov]. Sankt-Peterburg. 2005. 464 p. (In Russ.)
37. Rodygina Yu.K. Spetsifika kognitivnykh funktsii v zavisimosti ot professional’noi gruppy lits, zanyatykh ekstremal’nym trudom [The specificity of cognitive functions depending on the professional groups of persons employed extreme labour]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta Uchenye zapiski Universiteta im. P.F. Lesgafta [Transactions of P.F. Lesgaft University]. 2011. N 2. P. 169–172. (In Russ.)
38. Sel’ye G. Ocherki ob adaptatsionnom syndrome [Essays on adaptation syndrome]. Moskva. 1960. 254 p. (In Russ.)
39. Sel’ye G. Stress bez distressa [Stress without distress]. Moskva. 1979. 123 p. (In Russ.)
40. Sidorov P.I., Solovev A.G., Novikova I.A. Sindrom professional’nogo vygoraniya: uchebnoe posobie [Professional burnout syndrome]. Arkhangel’sk. 2007. 176 p. (In Russ.)
41. Smirnov B.A., Dolgopolova E.V. Psikhologiya deyatel’nosti v ekstremal’nykh situatsiyakh [Psychology of extreme situations]. Xar’kov. 2007. 276 p. (In Russ.)
42. Smirnova N.N., Solovev A.G. Struktura stressoustoichivosti sotrudnikov politsii [The structure of the stress resistance of police officers]. Vestnik Severnogo (Arkticheskogo) federal’nogo universiteta. Seriya: Mediko4biologicheskie nauki [Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) federal university. Series: Medical and biological]. 2013. N 3. P. 75–81. (In Russ.)
43. Smirnova N.N. Psikhofiziologicheskie osobennosti sotrudnikov organov vnutrennikh del v zavisimosti ot stazha sluzhby [Psychophysiological peculiarities of employees of internal Affairs bodies, depending on the service experience]. Nevrologichesky vestnik [Herald of Neurology]. 2011. Vol. XLIII, N 3. P. 21–24. (In Russ.)
44. Sobchik L.N. Standartizirovannyi mnogofaktornyi metod issledovaniya lichnosti SMIL [Standardized multi_factor method of research of a personality SMIL]. Sankt_Peterburg. 2004. 217 p. (In Russ.)
45. Suvorov G.B., Chesnokov V.B. Kontseptsiya psikhologicheskogo obespecheniya psikhofiziologicheskogo statusa cheloveka: psikhomotornaya sostavlyayushchaya [The concept of psychological support of psycho_physiological status of a person: psychomotor component]. Vestnik Sankt4 Peterburgskogo universiteta. Seriya 12. Psikhologiya. Sotsiologiya. Pedagogika [Vestnik of Saint Petersburg university. Series 12. Psychology. Sociology. Education]. 2009. N 2. P. 3–28. (In Russ.)
46. Suvorova V.V. Psikhofiziologiya stressa [Psychophysiology of stress]. Moskva. 1975. 208 p. (In Russ.)
47. Teplov B.M. Nekotorye voprosy izucheniya obshchikh tipov vysshei nervnoi deyatel’nosti cheloveka i zhivotnykh [Certain questions of the study common types of higher nervous activity of man and animals]. Tipologicheskie osobennosti vysshei nervnoi deyatel’nosti cheloveka [Typological features of the higher nervous activity]. Moskva. 1956. P. 5–123. (In Russ.)
48. Teplov B.M. Tipologicheskie svoistva nervnoi sistemy i ikh znachenie dlya psikhologii [Typological properties of the nervous system and their importance for psychology]. Filosofskie voprosy fiziologii vysshei nervnoi deyatel’nosti i psikhologii [Philosophical questions of physiology of higher nervous activity and psychology]. Moskva. 1963. P. 475–498. (In Russ.)
49. Toropov V.A., Timofeev V.I., Naumenko S.V. Pravovye osnovy primeneniya ognestrel’nogo oruzhiya sotrudnikami OVD [The legal basis of the use of firearms by police officers]. Vestnik S.4Peterburgskogo universiteta MVD Rossii [Herald of St. Petersburg University MVD of Russia]. 2007. N 4. P. 97–102. (In Russ.)
50. Khanin Yu.L. Kratkoe rukovodstvo k primeneniyu shkaly reaktivnoi i lichnostnoi trevozhnosti Ch.D. Spilbergera [A brief guide to use Ch.D. Spilberger scale of reactive and personal anxiety]. Leningrad. 1976. 40 p. (In Russ.)
51. Tsagarelli Yu. A. Psikhologiya upravleniya v ekstremal’nykh situatsiyakh. [Psychology of management in extreme situations]. URL: http://actseptor.ru/application_in_industry/. (In Russ.)
52. Tsagarelli Yu.A. Sistemnaya psikhodiagnostika na pribore «Aktivatsiometr» [System diagnostics with device “Aktivatsiometr“]. Kazan’. 2004. 198 p. (In Russ.)
53. Tsagarelli Yu.A. Teoriya i praktika sistemnoi diagnostika cheloveka [Theory and practice of man system diagnostics]. Kazan’. 2002. 168 p. (In Russ.)
54. Yatsenko N.A. Psikhofiziologicheskie i psikhologicheskie osobennosti operatorov telekommunikatsionnykh setei v ekstremal’nykh usloviyakh professional’noi deyatel’nosti [Psychophysiological and psychological characteristics of operators of telecommunication networks in extreme conditions of professional activity]. Rostov na Donu. 2011. 34 p. (In Russ.)
55. Amirkhan D. Factor Analytically drived measure of coping. The coping strategy indicator // Personality Soc. Psychol. – 1990. – Vol. 59, N 5. – P. 1066–1074.
56. Annett M. Left, Right, Hand and Brain : the right shift Theory. – London : Lawrence Erlbaum, 1985. – 203 p.
57. Bianki V. The Mechanism of Brain Lateralization. – New York : Gordon & Breach, 1993. – 224 p.
58. Bryden M.P. Laterality. Functional asymmetry in the intact brain. – New York ; London : Academic Press, 1982. – 321 p.
59. Community Stress prevention / Eds.: O. Ayalon, M. Lahad & A Cohen. – Kiryat Shmona : Community Stress Prevention Centre, 2003. – Vol. 5. – 135 p.
60. Kobasa S.C. Personality and Resistance to illness // American Journal of Community Psychology. – 1979. – Vol. 7. – P. 413–423.
Review
For citations:
Smirnova N.N., Soloviev A.G. Determinants of extreme professional activity in law enforcement personnel. Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations. 2014;(1):98-106. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2014-0-1-98-106
Views:
444
Email this article 