REGENERATIVE EFFECTS OF REGIONAL INTRODUCTION OF MESENCHYMAL STROMAL HUMAN CELLS IN HYALURONIC ACID GEL UNDER EXPERIMENTAL COMPRESSION TRAUMA OF SOFT TISSUES

Relevance. In emergency situations, cases of crush syndrome with extensive ischemic damage of soft tissues often occur due to prolonged compression from damaged buildings, structures, rocks, damaged transport, mines, etc. Unmet medical need for providing care to victims with severe compression trauma determines the importance of research on the development of new pathogenetically justified treatments of postischemic disorders. The positive role of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells has been proved in the process of posttraumatic regeneration of skeletal muscles.

Intention. To reveal morphological features of skeletal muscles in severe compression trauma after the introduction of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in the hyaluronic acid gel into the damaged tissues.

Methods. The object of the study was an experimental model of a continuous (7-hour) static compression (squeezing force 10–12 kg/cm²) of the soft tissues of the hip by metal vices in sexually mature white outbred male rats with body mass of 300– 340 g. Three hours after the vices removal, rats in the experimental group received a single fan-shaped injection of suspended cultured multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of human adipose tissue (1.5 • 10⁶ cells) in 0.5 ml of 1.75 % hyaluronic gel solution (Aestetic Dermal S.L., Spain) intramuscularly into the compression region. Control animals under similar conditions were injected with an 0.9 % solution of sodium chloride. For reference parameters, biomaterial from intact rats was used. In 7, 14 and 28 days after decompression by the light-optical method, the histological sections of the biomaterial from the compression region were examined.

Results and Discussion. It has been established that implantation of cultured multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in soft tissues damaged by mechanical compression contributes to an early reduction of necrobiotic changes in the zone of muscle compression, accelerated recovery of microcirculation and reparative regeneration of muscle fibers with an active new growth of muscle tissue. Seven, 14 and 28 days after exposure, the relative area of muscle fibers was 23 35.6 % (p<0.05) higher than in control animals and achieved 62.4–85.6 %.

Conclusion. It has been suggested that cultured multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in a cellular carrier locally transplanted into the lesion region can be considered as a fruitful way to create effective concentrations of interstitial growth factors and cytokines that regulate severity of the inflammatory reaction, angiogenesis and reparative processes resulted from massive mechanical compression of soft tissues.

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