HISTORY (STAGES) OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE MEDICAL SERVICE OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERIOR AFFAIRS OF RUSSIA

Relevance. The history of the medical service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) of Russia is presented in domestic publications unsystematically.

Intention. To present the stages of development of the medical service of the MIA of Russia. Methods. Domestic publications on the development of the medical service of the MIA were studied based on the Russian National Library and the Russian Scientific Citation Index of the Scientific Electronic Library.

Results and discussion. To eliminate medical consequences of the mass epidemics and according to the Edict of the Empress Catherine II dated August 12, 1775, the Moscow Chief Policeman was instructed to «establish a special hospital and almshouse under the authority of the local police.» The opening ceremony of the Catherine’s Hospital took place on June 19, 1776. By 1810–1811, the structure of the main ministries and departments was basically formed in the Russian Empire. The central agency for managing medical and pharmacological activities was the Medical Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and its Medical Council, which carried out medical and sanitary control. Locally, there were administrations with subordinate county and city doctors as part of police institutions. Much attention was paid to the creation and development of hospitals personally by the Minister of Internal Affairs Count V.P. Kochubey. By 1855, there were 533 hospitals in Russia with 18,866 beds, although the status of the clinics was considered unsatisfactory due to a lack of funds, medicines and medical personnel. After October 1917 the medical service of the police (as rear units of the army) was carried out by agencies of the Chief Sanitary Directorate of the Workers ‘and Peasants’ Red Army. By order of the Chief of the Main Directorate of the Militia of the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR No. 314 / s of October 12, 1921, «reception rooms» were organized within the departments to provide medical assistance to personnel and to carry out sanitary and preventive measures. Later in 2007, it was the day of October 12 that was declared the Day of Medical Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. In 1992, on the basis of the Medical Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, the Medical Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia was created, and since 2011 – the Medical Support Department of the Department for Material-Technical and Medical Support of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. In the medical institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, about 2.3 million people are serviced, 28.9 % of them are employees of internal affairs agencies, 7.8 % – servicemen and employees of the Federal Service of National Guard troops, 5.4 % – employees of the Federal Service for the Execution of Sentences, 4 % – employees of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. Annually more than 186 thousand patients receive medical care in departmental hospitals, more than 13 million medical visits are conducted in outpatient departments.

Сonclusion. Positive trends in the development of departmental health in recent years make it possible to predict stable health indicators in employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the near future.

1. Egorysheva I.V., Danilishina E.I. Gubernskie i uezdnye pravitel’stvennye organy okhraneniya narodnogo zdraviya v Rossii (ХIХ – nachalo ХХ v.) [Provincial and district government bodies protecting the public health in Russia (XIX – the beginning of the twentieth century]. Zdravookhranenie Rossiiskoi Federatsii [Public Health of the Russian Federation]. 2001. N 1. Pp. 53–55. (In Russ.)

2. Knopov M.Sh., Taranukha V.K. Akademiya meditsinskikh nauk v period Velikoi otechestvennoi voiny i pervye poslevoennye gody [Academy of Medical Sciences during the Great Patriotic War and the first post-war years]. Voenno-meditsinskii zhurnal [Military medical journal]. 2014. Vol. 335, N 6. Pp. 76–77. (In Russ.)

3. Mirskii M.B. Meditsina Rossii X–XX vekov : ocherki istorii [Medicine of Russia X-XX centuries: essays of history]. Moskva. 2005. 631 p. (In Russ.)

4. Morukov Yu.N. Meditsinskaya sluzhba MVD Rossii: 90 let na zashchite zdorov’ya sotrudnikov organov vnutrennikh del [Medical service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia: 90 years of protection of health of employees of law-enforcement bodies] Meditsinskii vestnik MVD [MIA Medical Bulletin]. 2011. N 5. Pp. 2–7. (In Russ.)

5. Kostomarov N.I. Russkaya istoriya v zhizneopisanii ee glavneishikh deyatelei [Russian history in the biography of its most important figures]. Moskva. 2006. 1024 p. (In Russ.)

6. Osnovy voenno-vrachebnoi ekspertizy [Basics of military medical examination]. Ed. V.V. Kulikov. Moskva. 2001. 264 p. (In Russ.)

7. Protasov I. V. Nachertanie vrachebnogo osmotra rekrutov, pritvornykh i utaivaemykh nedugov i ikh obnaruzhenie [Inscription of medical examination of recruits, feigned and concealed ailments and their detection]. Izdanie meditsinskoi kollegii [Medical board publication]. In 4 pts.. Sankt-Peterburg. 1801. (In Russ.)

8. Sidorenko V.A. Istoricheskii opyt i sovremennye tendentsii razvitiya zdravookhraneniya MVD Rossii [Historical experience and modern development trends in the health of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia]. Voprosy material’no-tekhnicheskogo i meditsinskogo obespecheniya [Issues of material-technical and medical support]. 2016. N 10. Pp. 4–9. (In Russ.)

9. Nastavlenie, sluzhashchee rukovodstvom vracham, pri nabore rekrut nakhodyashchimsya: sochinenie po vysochaishemu Ego Imperatorskago Velichestva poveleniyu glavnym po voennoi sukhoputnoi meditsinskoi chasti inspektorom leib-khirurgom Yakovom Villie [Manual with guidelines for recruiting doctors: composed by Jacob Willie, the chief of the military overland medical unit, the inspector and surgeon-in-ordinary, according to the His Imperial Majesty’s highest order]. Sankt-Peterburg. 1806. 38 p. (In Russ.)

10. Freiberg N.G. Vrachebno-sanitarnoe zakonodatel’stvo v Rossii : uzakoneniya i rasporyazheniya pravitel’stva po grazhdanskoi meditsinskoi, sanitarnoi i farmatsevticheskoi chastyam, opublikovannym po 1 yanvarya 1913 goda [Medical and sanitary legislation in Russia: legalization and orders of the government on civil medical, sanitary and pharmaceutical parts, published on January 1, 1913]. Sankt-Peterburg. 1913. XXVIII, 1071 p. (In Russ.)