Functional state of kidneys and immunological disorders associated with acute combined exposure to depleted uranium

Relevance. The relationship between the uranium exposure and human health is debated. The exposure to depleted uranium is possible at uranium mining and processing enterprises, as well as during military conflicts. Depleted uranium is a polytropic toxic substance that can cause not only irreversible damage to the kidneys, but also disrupt the functional activity of various compartments of the immune system. Intention. The main purpose of the work is to examine the kidneys and the immune system after an acute combined exposure to depleted uranium. Methods. The study involved 40 outbred rats and 80 mice CBA. The functional activity of kidneys and the immune system was assessed after an acute exposure to depleted uranium salts. Soluble uranium salts were administered intratracheally, intragastrically and via combined intratracheal + intragastric + cutaneous routes. Results and Discussion. Metabolic disorders with predominant renal damage were observes (reduced total serum protein, sodium, albumin and alkaline phosphatase activity, increased urea and creatinine levels). Uranium had nephrotoxic effects. The uranium exposure increased the urine concentration of lipocalin-2, KIM-1 and β-2 microglobulin. According to the results, T-helpers and immunoregulatory index were reduced, СD8+ T-cell activity was increased, as well as the frequency of early and late apoptotic and necrotic death of immune cells, and antibody production. Reduction of T-cell functional activity was also observed. Conclusion. The results can be used to conduct medical examinations in persons affected by depleted uranium, as well as to improve the effectiveness of early diagnosis of the consequences of uranium exposure.

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