Damage of bronhopulmonary system as a result of exposure to toxic products of fires and ecologically adverse factors of the chemical nature (nitrogen oxides)
https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2014-0-2-61-68
Abstract
Nitrogen oxides play a key role in the development of environment-related lung diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, interstitial lung fibrosis) via initiation of bronchoalveolar epithelium damage and cell death. Nitrogen oxides are among the most dangerous air toxicants released during burning of nitrogen-containing polymeric materials. Analysis of recent domestic and foreign publications suggests that the damaging effect of nitrogen dioxide on the bronchial epithelium and lung structure is associated with the initiation of nitrative-oxidative stress in epithelial and alveolar cells. The most vulnerable cells are alveolocytes of 2nd type involved in the surfactant synthesis and representing a pool of progenitor cells with a great reparative potential. Inhaled nitrogen dioxide affects alveolar population of inflammation effector cells, changing their activation status and profile of produced cytokines. Nitrogen dioxide and its reactive forms can act as signaling molecules participating in the transmission of various signals that induce epithelial cell apoptosis or survival. Developing approaches to activate the regenerative potential of lung autologous stem cells and launch the process of damaged epithelium self-healing can be a strategy of bronchial epithelium morphofunctional integrity restoration.
About the Authors
O, N, Titova
Scientific Research Institute of Pulmonology at Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University
Russian Federation
Dr. med. Sci.
Russian Federation
Dr. med. Sci.
T. N. Preobrazhenskaya
The Kirov Military Medical Academy
Russian Federation
PhD on Biol. Sci.
Russian Federation
PhD on Biol. Sci.
Y. S. Lebedeva
Scientific Research Institute of Pulmonology at Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University
Russian Federation
PhD on Biol. Sci., Head laboratory of experimental pulmonology and pathomorphology
Russian Federation
PhD on Biol. Sci., Head laboratory of experimental pulmonology and pathomorphology
N. A. Kuzubova
Scientific Research Institute of Pulmonology at Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University
Russian Federation
Dr. med. Sci., deputy Director
Russian Federation
Dr. med. Sci., deputy Director
N. F. Markizova
The Kirov Military Medical Academy
Russian Federation
PhD on Med. Sci., senior lecturer
Russian Federation
PhD on Med. Sci., senior lecturer
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For citations:
Titova O.N., Preobrazhenskaya T.N., Lebedeva Y.S., Kuzubova N.A., Markizova N.F. Damage of bronhopulmonary system as a result of exposure to toxic products of fires and ecologically adverse factors of the chemical nature (nitrogen oxides). Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations. 2014;(2):61-68. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25016/2541-7487-2014-0-2-61-68
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