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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mchsros</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медико-биологические и социально-психологические проблемы безопасности в чрезвычайных ситуациях</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4441</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-7487</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«The Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25016/2541-7487-2023-0-1-05-12</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">614.876 : 616-001.2</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mchsros-898</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICAL ISSUES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Острая лучевая болезнь в результате аварии критичности на предприятии атомной промышленности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Acute radiation sickness due to critical accidents at a nuclear production facility</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6954-2674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азизова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Azizova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Азизова Тамара Васильевна – канд. мед. наук, гл. науч. сотр., зам. дир. по науке, зав. клинич. отд.</p><p>г. Озерск, Челябинская обл., Озерское шоссе, д. 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tamara Vasilyevna Azizova – PhD Med. Sci., principal scientist, deputy director, head of clinical department</p><p>19, Ozyorskoe highway, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk region, 456780</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">clinic@subi.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-6600</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мосеева</surname><given-names>М. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moseeva</surname><given-names>M. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мосеева Мария Борисовна – науч. сотр.</p><p>г. Озерск, Челябинская обл., Озерское шоссе, д. 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria Borisovna Moseeva – scientist</p><p>19, Ozyorskoe highway, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk region, 456780</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">clinic@subi.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8815-9742</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брикс</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Briks</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Брикс Ксения Васильевна – науч. сотр.</p><p>г. Озерск, Челябинская обл., Озерское шоссе, д. 19</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ksenia Vasilyevna Briks – scientist</p><p>19, Ozyorskoe highway, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk region, 456780</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">clinic@subi.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно- Уральский институт биофизики</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Southern Urals Biophysics Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Уральский институт биофизики</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Southern Urals Biophysics Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Азизова Т.В., Мосеева М.Б., Брикс К.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Азизова Т.В., Мосеева М.Б., Брикс К.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Azizova T.V., Moseeva M.B., Briks K.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mchsros.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/898">https://mchsros.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/898</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Радиационные аварии являются редким событием, однако, в настоящее время нельзя полностью исключить возможность их возникновения. В этой связи особую ценность для прогноза последствий кратковременного облучения с высокой мощностью дозы имеет весь накопленный в мире опыт.</p><p>Цель – представить описание клинических симптомов и признаков у работников, подвергшихся острому гамма-нейтронному облучению.</p></sec><sec><title>Методология</title><p>Методология. В настоящей работе рассматривается авария критичности, произошедшая 2 января</p></sec><sec><title>1958 г</title><p>1958 г. на Производственном объединении «Маяк» при работе с экспериментальным сосудом, содержащим раствор нитрата урана. В результате аварии кратковременному гамма-нейтронному облучению подверглись четыре работника, у которых впоследствии развилась острая лучевая болезнь в различной степени тяжести.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и их анализ</title><p>Результаты и их анализ. Представлены симптомы первичной реакции, развития нарушений в различных органах и системах и течение острой лучевой болезни у пострадавших.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. При острой лучевой болезни в крайне тяжелой степени тяжести в ранний период после острого облучения наблюдаются нарушения в различных органах и тканях, при этом сердечно-сосудистый коллапс является наиболее критичным физиологическим состоянием. Нарушения в различных органах и тканях в отдаленный период после острого облучения являются вторичными проявлениями как ранней неспецифической реакции на облучение, так и специфических радиационно- индуцированных прямых повреждений высокорадиочувствительных клеток.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Nuclear accidents are rare, however, today they cannot be entirely excluded. Thereupon the wealth of global experience is of particular value for prediction of outcomes that potentially follow short-term exposures to ionizing radiation at high dose rates.</p><p>The objective is to describe clinical simptoms and signs in workers exposed to acute gamma-neutron radiation.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology</title><p>Methodology. This paper considers healths effects after radiation exposure due to a critical accident that happened on January, 2 1958 during operations with an experimental flask containing uranium nitrate solution at the Mayak PA. During accident four workers were exposed to short-term gamma-neutron radiation and subsequently suffered from acute radiation syndrome of different severity degree.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion.  Symptoms of the initial response, development of disorders in various organs and systems and the course of the acute radiation syndrome in exposed individuals are described.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Multiple organs or tissues are involved in severe acute radiation syndrome at an early period after acute exposure, at that cardiovascular collapse is the most critical physiological state. Multiple organs or tissues failure in the longtrem period after acute exposure is a secondary manifestation both of the primary nonspecific response to radiation and specific radiation-induced direct damage of highly sensitive cells</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>радиационная авария</kwd><kwd>гамма-нейтронное облучение</kwd><kwd>острая лучевая болезнь</kwd><kwd>Производственное объединение «Маяк»</kwd><kwd>полиорганные нарушения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>radiation accident</kwd><kwd>gamma-neutron exposure</kwd><kwd>acute radiation syndrome</kwd><kwd>Production Association «Mayak»</kwd><kwd>multiple organ failure</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Байсоголов Г.Д. Клиническая картина острой лучевой болезни и состояние кроветворения при ней // Радиация и риск. Спец. вып. 2002. 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