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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mchsros</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медико-биологические и социально-психологические проблемы безопасности в чрезвычайных ситуациях</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4441</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-7487</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«The Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25016/2541-7487-2021-0-1-14-21</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mchsros-603</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>35-ЛЕТ АВАРИИ НА ЧЕРНОБЫЛЬСКОЙ АЭС</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>35 YEARS AFTER THE CHERNOBYL NPP DISASTER</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Использование информации о времени развития рвоты при первичной сортировке пострадавших в радиационных авариях</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Application of time to emesis data for primary triage of radiation accident victims</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьев</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Soloviev</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Соловьев Владимир Юрьевич – д-р биол. наук, канд. техн. наук, зав. лаб. анализа техноген. рисков</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Живописная, д. 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Vladimir Yurievich Soloviev – Dr. Biol. Sci., PhD Tech. Sci, Chief of the laboratory for analysis of technogenic risks </p><p>46, Zhivopisnaya Str., Moscow, 123182</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">soloviev.fmbc@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойлов</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoilov</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Самойлов Александр Сергеевич – д-р мед. наук проф., чл.-кор. РАН, ген. директор</p><p>123098, Москва, ул. Маршала Новикова, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Aleksandr Sergeevich Samoilov – Corresponding member of RAS, Dr. Med. Sci., Prof. General Director  </p><p>46, Zhivopisnaya Str., Moscow, 123182</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fmbc-fmba@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Лебедев Артём Олегович – мл. науч. сотр. отд. № 7</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Живописная, д. 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Artyom Olegovich Lebedev – Jun. Res. Ass. of the Department N 7 </p><p>46, Zhivopisnaya Str., Moscow, 123182</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aolebedev@fmbcfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Седанкин</surname><given-names>М. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sedankin</surname><given-names>M. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Седанкин Михаил Константинович – канд. мед. наук, ст. науч. сотр. лаб. анализа техноген. рисков</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Живописная, д. 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Mikhail Konstantinovich Sedankin – PhD Tech. Sci, Senior Res. Ass. of the laboratory for analysis of technogenic risks </p><p>46, Zhivopisnaya Str., Moscow, 123182</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">msedankin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гудков</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gudkov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> Гудков Евгений Алексеевич – мл. науч. сотр. лаб. анализа техноген. рисков</p><p>123182, Москва, ул. Живописная, д. 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Evgenii Alekseevich Gudkov – Jun. Res. Ass. of the laboratory for analysis of technogenic risks </p><p>46, Zhivopisnaya Str., Moscow, 123182</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eh1770802@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации – Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>14</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Соловьев В.Ю., Самойлов А.С., Лебедев А.О., Седанкин М.К., Гудков Е.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Соловьев В.Ю., Самойлов А.С., Лебедев А.О., Седанкин М.К., Гудков Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Soloviev V.Y., Samoilov A.S., Lebedev A.O., Sedankin M.K., Gudkov E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mchsros.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/603">https://mchsros.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/603</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность исследования обусловлена риском развития крупномасштабных радиационных аварий с большим числом пострадавших, которым потребуются проведение первичной мецинской сортировки и определение раннего прогноза степени тяжести поражения для корректной маршрутизации из очага санитарных потерь.Цель – валидация метода оценки дозы по времени развития рвоты при разных условиях облучения при медицинской сортировке пострадавших на догоспитальном этапе.Методология. Объектом исследования является информация, содержащаяся в базе данных по острым лучевым поражениям человека в Государственном научном центре Российской Федерации – Федеральном медицинском биофизическом центре им. А.И. Бурназяна (Москва).Результаты и их анализ. Рассмотрены индивидуальные данные пострадавших в результате аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС 1986 г. (114 человек) с раздельным анализом условий облучения (кратковременное с длительностью менее 20 мин и пролонгированное в выделенных группах), а также по пострадавшим в других радиационных авариях и инцидентах на территории бывшего СССР (26 человек) и 8 пациентов с тотальным терапевтическим облучением без использования антиэметиков. Показано, что при возникновении рвоты в одни и те же временные интервалы прогноз степени тяжести радиационного поражения при пролонгированном облучении оказывается более тяжелым по сравнению с кратковременным облучением. Это может быть обусловлено разным темпом накопления дозы и наличием эффекта так называемой «напрасной дозы», когда биологический механизм возникновения рвоты уже запущен, а облучение продолжается. Представлены результаты анализа в виде интервальных оценок прогноза степени тяжести радиационного поражения по времени начала рвоты для условий кратковременного и пролонгированного облучения. Сформулированы два критерия для целей первичной медицинской сортировки при умеренном и большом числе пострадавших в результате широкомасштабной радиационной аварии.Заключение. Предложены рекомендации, которые могут быть использованы для медицинской сортировки пострадавших на догоспитальном этапе.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. The relevance of the study is due to the risk of developing large-scale radiation accidents with a large number of victims, who will need primary medical triage and early prediction of the severity of injury for correct routing from the source of sanitary losses.Intention. Validation of the method of estimating dose by time-to-emesis under various exposure conditions for pre-hospital triage of victims.Methodology. The object of the study is the data from State Research Center – Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency (Moscow) database of acute radiation injuries.Results and Discussion: We have analyzed individual data for the victims of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster (114 persons) with a separate analysis of the irradiation conditions (short-term exposure for less than 20 minutes and prolonged exposure in selected groups), as well as the data from victims of other radiation accidents in the former USSR (26 persons) and 8 patients with total body radiotherapy without the use of antiemetics. It was shown that for the equal time-to-emesis intervals, predicted radiation injury is more severe in case of prolonged exposure vs short-term exposure. This may be due to varying rate of dose accumulation and so-called “unnecessary dose” effect – when the biological mechanism of vomiting has already been triggered against ongoing exposure. Results are presented as interval estimates of radiation injury severity by time-to-emesis for both short-term and prolonged exposures. We also have formulated two criteria for primary triage purposes in case of moderate or large numbers of victims due to large-scale radiation accidents.Conclusion. Recommendations for pre-hospital triage of victims are proposed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>чрезвычайная ситуация</kwd><kwd>катастрофа</kwd><kwd>радиобиология</kwd><kwd>дозиметрия</kwd><kwd>доза радиации</kwd><kwd>сортировка радиологическая</kwd><kwd>радиационный синдром острый</kwd><kwd>Чернобыльская АЭС</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>emergency situation</kwd><kwd>disaster</kwd><kwd>radiobiology</kwd><kwd>dosimetry</kwd><kwd>radiation dose</kwd><kwd>radiological triage</kwd><kwd>acute radiation&#13;
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