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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mchsros</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медико-биологические и социально-психологические проблемы безопасности в чрезвычайных ситуациях</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4441</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2541-7487</issn><publisher><publisher-name>«The Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25016/2541-7487-2025-0-3-54-69</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mchsros-1185</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕДИЦИНСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MEDICAL ISSUES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Индивидуальные риски гибели в вооруженных конфликтах в регионах мира (2015–2024 гг.)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Individual risks of death in armed conflicts in the regions of the world (2015–2024)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0535-533X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Плужник</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pluzhnik</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Плужник Михаил Сергеевич – мл. науч. сотр.</p><p>194044, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Акад. Лебедева, д. 4/2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mihail Sergeevich Pluzhnik – Junior Research Associate</p><p>4/2, Academica Lebedeva Str., St. Petersburg, 1940044</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pluzhnikms@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский центр экстренной и радиационной медицины им. А.М. Никифорова МЧС России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nikiforov Russian Center of Emergency and Radiation Medicine, EMERCOM of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>69</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Плужник М.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Плужник М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pluzhnik M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://mchsros.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1185">https://mchsros.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1185</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Милитаризация ряда стран и количество вооруженных конфликтов в мире не уменьшаются, что обусловливает необходимость разработки программ по сдерживанию вооруженного насилия и повышению безопасности жизнедеятельности населения в ряде стран.</p><p>Цель – изучить риски гибели в вооруженных конфликтах в регионах мира, которые можно экстраполировать на санитарные потери и оптимизировать ликвидацию последствий.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Изучили 6 научных проектов, которые индексируют последствия вооруженных конфликтов в мире. Погибших по категориям (комбатанты, гражданские люди, неидентифицированные лица) получили из базы данных по вооруженным конфликтам UCDP/PRIO [https://ucdp.uu.se/]. Число и виды вооруженных конфликтов (государственные, негосударственные и «одностороннее насилие») уточнили на электронном ресурсе War and Peace [https://ourworldindata.org/war-and-peace]. Зная количество населения мира и регионов, которое получили на сайте [https://countrymeters.info/], рассчитали индивидуальные риски гибели при вооруженных конфликтах на 1 млн человек населения (10–6). Допустимым (условно приемлемым) риском приняты данные, которые отличаются на 1/3 от среднего показателя в мире, оптимальным – меньше 1/3 средней величины, высоким (неприемлемым) – больше на 1/3. Динамику показателей представили в виде полиномиальных трендов 2‑го порядка с расчетом коэффициента детерминации, порог значимости которого был 0,5.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и их анализ</title><p>Результаты и их анализ. За 10 лет (2015–2024 гг.) в мире были зарегистрированы 1754 вооруженных конфликта, в которых погибли 1 млн 489,3 тыс. человек, из них в Европе произошли 53 конфликта, в Азии – 284, на Ближнем Востоке – 305, в Африке – 998, в Америке – 320 конфликтов с гибелью 258, 211, 364, 529 и 127 тыс. человек соответственно. Среднегодовой индивидуальный риск гибели при всех вооруженных конфликтах в мире составил 19,27 ∙ 10–6 смертей/(человек ∙ год), при государственных конфликтах – 15,32 ∙ 10–6, при негосударственных – 2,76 ∙ 10–6 смертей/(человек ∙ год). В динамике отмечается тенденция увеличения рисков. Высоким риск гибели при всех конфликтах был на Ближнем Востоке – 78,94 ∙ 10–6 смертей/(человек ∙ год), в Африке – 40,33 ∙ 10–6 и Европе – 34,41 ∙ 10–6, допустимым – в Азии 4,53 ∙ 10–6 и Америке – 12,54 ∙ 10–6 гибель/(человек ∙ год). Аналогичная качественная градация прослеживалась при рисках гибели комбатантов, например, риск на Ближнем Востоке был 46,92 ∙ 10–6, в Африке – 30,64 ∙ 10–6, в Европе – 28,53 ∙ 10–6, в Азии – 3,91 ∙ 10–6 и Америке – 0,36 ∙ 10–6 смертей/(человек ∙ год). Риски гибели гражданских людей в регионах мира соотносились с градацией допустимые, за исключением Ближнего Востока, в котором показатели риска приближались к верхней границе условно приемлемого – 23,36 ∙ 10–6 смертей/(человек ∙ год). Отмечается разнонаправленная тенденция рисков в регионах. Уточнены причины выраженных рисков в регионах.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Гибель населения можно экстраполировать на санитарные потери и, тем самым, уточнять силы и средства медицины катастроф в регионах (странах) для ликвидации последствий вооруженных конфликтов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. The militarization of a number of countries and the number of armed conflicts in the world are not decreasing, which necessitates the development of programs to curb armed violence and improve the safety of the population in a number of countries.</p><p>The aim is to study the risks of deaths in armed conflicts in the regions of the world, which can be extrapolated to sanitary losses and optimize the elimination of consequences.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. We have studied 6 scientific projects that index the consequences of armed conflicts in the world. Deaths by category (combatants, civilians, unidentified persons) were obtained from the UCDP/PRIO database on armed conflicts [https://ucdp.uu.se/]. The number and types of armed conflicts (state, non-state and «unilateral violence») were specified on the electronic resource War and Peace [https://ourworldindata.org/war-and-peace]. Knowing the number of the world’s population and regions that you have received on the site [https://countrymeters.info /] calculated the individual risks of death in armed conflicts per 1 million people of the population (10-6). Acceptable (conditionally acceptable risk) is data that differs by 1/3 from the global average, optimal – less than 1/3 of the average value, high (unacceptable) – more than 1/3. The dynamics of the indicators were presented in the form of polynomial trends of the 2nd order with the calculation of the coefficient of determination, the threshold of significance of which was 0.5.</p><p>The results and discussion. In 10 years (2015-2024), 1.754 armed conflicts were registered in the world, in which 1 million 489.3 thousand people died, of which 53 conflicts occurred in Europe, 284 in Asia, 305 in the Middle East, 998 in Africa, 320 conflicts in America with the deaths of 258 thousand, 211, 364, 529 and 127 thousand people, respectively. The average annual individual risk of death in all armed conflicts in the world was 19.27 ∙ 10-6 deaths/(person ∙ year), in state conflicts – 15.32 ∙ 10-6, in non–state conflicts – 2.76 ∙ 10-6 deaths/(person ∙ year). There is a tendency of increasing risks in the dynamics. The high risk of death in all conflicts was 78.94 ∙ 10-6 deaths/(person ∙ year) in the Middle East, 40.33 ∙ 10-6 in Africa and 34.41 ∙ 10-6 in Europe, 4.53 ∙ 10-6 in Asia and 12.54 ∙ 10-6 deaths/(person ∙ year) in America. A similar qualitative gradation was observed with the risks of death of combatants, for example, the risk in the Middle East was 46.92 ∙ 10-6, in Africa – 30.64 ∙ 10-6, in Europe – 28.53 ∙ 10-6, in Asia – 3.91 ∙ 10-6 and in America – 0.36 ∙ 10-6 deaths/(person ∙ year). The risks of civilian deaths in the regions of the world correlated with the acceptable gradation, with the exception of the Middle East, where risk indicators approached the upper limit of the conditionally acceptable – 23.36 ∙ 10-6 deaths/(person ∙ year). There is a multidirectional trend of risks in the regions. The reasons for the expressed risks in the regions have been clarified.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The death of the population can be extrapolated to sanitary losses and, thus, to refine the forces and means of disaster medicine in regions (countries) to eliminate the consequences of armed conflicts.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>война</kwd><kwd>вооруженный конфликт</kwd><kwd>погибшие</kwd><kwd>риск гибели</kwd><kwd>комбатанты</kwd><kwd>мирное население</kwd><kwd>регионы мира</kwd><kwd>UCDP/PRIO</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>war</kwd><kwd>armed conflict</kwd><kwd>dead</kwd><kwd>risk of death</kwd><kwd>combatants</kwd><kwd>civilians</kwd><kwd>regions of the world</kwd><kwd>UCDP/PRIO</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авитисов П.В., Гасанов Ш.М. 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